Annotated Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Annotated Bibliography - Essay Example Research conducted by Rashad shows that changes in the rate of fertility has occurred in all Arab nations and this change was accepted by Arab nations at a delay as compared to other nations, but the decline has been experienced at a much faster rate as compared to other nations. Rashad asserts that there have been several causes that have contributed heavily towards the slow acceptance of decline in fertility rate among Arab nations and this conforms to the belief that Arab nation and their populations are resistant towards accepting change. In certain nations and people of these fortunate nations experienced fertility decline due to backing of high aspirations and increased opportunities. On the other end, there have been Arab nations that have experienced decline in economic conditions along with issues in creating families have even led to decline in fertility. Socio-economic status of individuals in certain areas has played a motivational role in the acceptance of decline in fer tility at much earlier times as compared to other nations. Acceptance was even driven due to interpretation of Islam which was liberal in nature. People living in certain nations, especially those in the Gulf region experienced slow acceptance of decline because of rational decision making supported with child support programs. Arab nations overall have not been resistant to change, they have experienced differences in accepting change. The researcher asserts that differences in the way change is accepted and adopted in Arab nations and the conditions that drive the changes in the level of fertility in Arab nation is similar and consistent with the changes experienced throughout the world and these findings are dissimilar to the earlier findings of other researchers. This even shows that researchers previously have exaggerated the issue of conformity to culture. The differences in these trends even show that the theories of change that are already in existence have failed to explain the Arab nations case of fertility. On one hand theories are consistent with changes that are developmental and societal in nature, but on the other hand the experience of Arab nations of decline in fertility has taken place under different circumstances. Theories of change of fertility pay emphasis to fertility which is marital in nature, but the case of Arab nation has shown that reduction in the rate of fertility has occurred due to alterations in changes in the frequency of marriages taking place. The researcher further asserts that changes that have already taken place and are continuing to take place as result of changes in the frequency of marriages in Arab nations clearly show that females in the Arab nations are preferring to stay unmarried for a longer period of time and a major percentage of the women population in these regions even accept to stay unmarried throughout their lives. Nations that have experienced highest changes in the timeline of the event of marriage inc lude Libya, Algeria, Syria, Morocco and others. Women in these regions accept to remain unmarried till they reach the age of 30+ and these women account for 10 to 20% of the population of these regions. This has occurred at the same time when the fertility rates of Arab nations are declining, which shows that as marriage rates are delayed and decreased, women are decreasing their involvement in the act of childrearing. This has resulted in

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence Term Paper

Creating a Plan for Positive Influence - Term Paper Example The plan stated below outlines a method of achieving similar goals, devised for a team to work on a given project within one year. It is important to note that at all times; the plan has been devised keeping in mind that the employees are not merely present for the task, but that the task is present for the employees. In this regard, nowhere in the one-year plan, the managers viewed the task as more important than the employees did (Schuitema, 2010). At every point, it concentrates on how the plan is affecting the workers, and focuses on providing a valuable learning and growth experience to them. In addition, after the introduction of every strategy, management should put efforts to analyze the strategy to identify its impact on possible individual differences. The plan is to begin working on the project in the month of January, and complete it by the end of the calendar year, as instructed. This project has been assigned to eight team members, out of which one is the team manager w ho drafted this plan. The executives of the company have assigned this leadership role of management to this specific member based on his greater experience in training and managing members, and the executives hope that this manager will continue to train other members and instill leadership qualities. Thus the first phase of the planning is underway, which is to assign roles to each of the members. Each of the members will be equal contributors to the project, to ensure fairness in workload and consequent appraisal. However, these roles will be assigned to give the members a sense of responsibility and an important feeling in the team because the most devoted members are those who recognize their significance in the team (Drucker, 2008). Employing this way of thinking, the team members will be assigned roles according to the requirements of the project. This first phase will ensure that each member understands his or her significance in the team and thus, endeavors to remain an eff icient part of it throughout the year. Another advantage of doing this would be that once division of labor and delegation has taken place, the duties of each worker become clear, and he/she work toward fulfilling own responsibilities. This ensures efficiency and full concentration of responsible individual in each of the duties. Additionally, one major factor to account is how successfully each member will perform a given task. For this reason, it is important for the management to assign roles at first according to each member’s strengths and weaknesses. This will affect behavior immensely, as when the initial role assigned to a member is one at which he/she is good at, he/she will be more motivated to perform well and will also be more confident while working, thus affecting the productivity as well as the rate of progress of the project. Second phase of the plan is to work out a schedule for changing these roles periodically. Although specialization is a recognized tool o f creating efficiency and productivity in the workforce, it also leads to an intensive disadvantage if these roles are not changed periodically. This is another characteristic of workers that the management needs to take care of because if the workers perform the same roles for too long, it may lead to monotony and